Hệ thống ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh Lớp 9

HỆ THỐNG NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9
I. Các Thì trong tiếng Anh lớp 9
1. Thì hiện tại đơn - simple present tense
- Với động từ thường
+ (khẳng định): S + vs/es + o
+ (phủ định): S+ do/does + not + v +o
+ (nghi vấn): Do/does + s + v+ o ?
- Với động từ tobe
+ (khẳng định): S+ am/is/ are + o
+ (phủ định): S + am/is/ are + not + o
+ (nghi vấn): Am/is/ are + s + o
- Dấu hiệu nhận biết: Always, every, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, generally, frequently, seldom, never, ...
Lưu ý : Ta thêm "Es" Sau các động từ tận cùng là: O, s, x, ch, sh.
2. Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn - present progressive
- Công thức:
+ Khẳng định: S + be (am/ is/ are) + v_ing + o
+ Phủ định:S+ be + not + v_ing + o
+ Nghi vấn: Be + s+ v_ing + o
- Dấu hiệu nhận biết: now, right now, at present, at the moment, look!, listen!, be quiet!, keep silent!
* Lưu ý: Không dùng thì này với các động từ chỉ nhận thức chi giác như : To be, see, hear, understand, know, like, want, glance, feel, think, smell, love, hate, realize, seem, remember, forget,.........
3. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành - present perfect
- Công thức:
+ Khẳng định: S + have/ has + past participle (v3) + o
+ Phủ định: S + have/ has + not+ past participle + o
+ Nghi vấn: Have/ has +s+ past participle + o
- Dấu hiệu nhận biết: Already, not...yet, just, ever, never, since., for, recenthy, before, ago, up to new, this is the first time,
- Cách dùng:
+ Since + thời gian bắt đầu (1995, i was young, this morning etc.) khi người nói dùng since, người nghe phải tính thời gian là bao lâu.
+ For + khoảng thời gian (từ lúc đầu tới bây giờ) khi người nói dùng for, người nói phải tính thời gian là bao lâu.
4. Thì quá khứ đơn - past simple 
- Với động từ thường
+ (khẳng định): S + v_ed + o
+ (phủ định): S + did+ not + v + o
+ (nghi vấn): Did + s+ v+ o ?
- Với tobe
+ (khẳng định): S + was/were + o
+ (phủ định): S+ was/ were + not + o
+ (nghi vấn): Was/were + s+ o ?
- Từ nhận biết: Yesterday, yesterday morning, last week, last month, last year, last night. 
Chủ từ + động từ quá khứ
* Lưu ý:
- when + thì quá khứ đơn (simple past)
- When+ hành động thứ nhất
5. Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn - past progessive
- Công thức:
+ Khẳng định: S + was/were + v_ing + o
+ Phủ định: S + wasn’t/weren’t+ v-ing + o
+ Nghi vấn: Was/were + s+ v-ing + o?
- Từ nhận biết: While, where, at that very moment, at 10:00 last night, and this morning (afternoon), when
chủ từ + were/was + động từ thêm -ing
while + thì quá khứ tiếp diễn (past progressive)
6. Thì tương lai - simple future
- Công thức:
+ Khẳng định: S + shall/will + v_inf + o
+ Phủ định: S + shall/will + not+ v_inf + o
+ Nghi vấn: Shall/will + s + v_inf + o?
- Từ nhận biết : This.., tonight, tomorrow, next, in .
7. Thì tương lai gần – near future
- Công thức:
Am/is/are + going to +v
- Từ để nhận dạng: This_, tonight, tomorrow, next_, in_...
- Cách dùng:
+ Khi quí vị đoán (predict, guess), dùng will hoặc be going to. Khi quí vị chỉ dự định trước, dùng be going to không được dùng will.
 Chủ từ + am (is/are) going to + động từ (ở hiện tại: Simple form)
+ Khi quí vị diễn tả sự tình nguyện hoặc sự sẵn sàng, dùng will không được dùng be going to.
Chủ từ + will + động từ (ở hiện tại: Simple form)
II. Danh Động Từ - Gerund
– Làm chủ ngữ
Ex: Smoking is harmful.
– Sau giới từ: at, in, on, up, from, about, of, off, with, without, for, upon, + V-ing
Ex: She is good at singing.
- Sau một số động từ: Verb + V-ing: admit, advise, anticipate, appreciate, avoid complete, consider, delay, deny, detest, discuss, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, forget, can’t help hope, imagine, involve, keep, mention, mind, miss, postpone, practice, quit, recall, recollect, recommend, regret, remember, resent, resist risk, save, stop, suggest, tolerate, understand, can’t bear, can’t stand, can’t face, feel like
- Sau một số động từ: stop, remember, involve, imagine, risk, discover, dislike, mind, waste, spend, catch, find, leave,+ O + V-ing
EX: I caught him climbing the fence.
III. Động từ nguyên thể có to - The Infinitive with To
Cách dùng:
- Chỉ mục đích kết quả.
Ex: I went to the post office to buy some stamps
- Làm chủ ngữ và tân ngữ.
Ex: To get up early is not easy for me
- Sau BE + V3 + TO V
- Sau Adj + TO V
Ex: It’s harmful to smoke cigarettes.
- Sau các Question words: What, How, Where, Who, When, 
Ex: I don’t know how to speak English fluently.
- Sau FOR + O + To V , OF + O + To V
Ex: It is very kind of you to help me.
- Sau một số động từ: ( Verb + To V)
afford, agree, appear, attempt, arrange, ask, bear, begin, beg, care, cease, choose, continue, claim, consent, decide, demand, deserve, determine, desire, expect, fail, fear, hate, forget, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, love, manage , mean, need, neglect, offer, omit, plan, prepare, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, propose, refuse, regret, remember, seem, start, struggle, swear, threaten, volunteer, wait, want, wish, cease, come, strive, tend, use, ought
- Sau VERB + O + TO V
advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, convince, dare, encourage, expect, force, hire, instruct, invite, need, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, teach, tell, urge, want, warn, wish, help, refuse
EX: I allow you to go out.
IV. Động từ nguyên thể không To - The Infinitive without To
- After: auxiliaries/ modal verb:
Can, Could, May, Might, Must, Mustn’t, Needn’t, Shall, Should, Will, Would, + V(inf)
Ex: He can run very fast.
- Sau : DO, DOES, DID
Ex: I don’t know.
- after the following expressions: Had Better, Would Rather, Would Sooner, Why Not, Why Should We,
- Why Should We Not + V(inf)
Ex: + You had better clean up your room.
- Sau các động từ chỉ giác quan: Feel, Hear, Notice, See, Watch,  + O + V(inf)
Ex:+ She feels the rain fall on her face.
- Sau LET + O + V(inf)
Ex: + Sandy let her child go out alone.
+ Mother let her daughter decide on her own.
- After MAKE + O + V(inf)
Ex: She made Peggy and Samantha clean the room.
V. Cấu trúc câu gián tiếp - The Reported Speech
· S1 +said (that) + S + v_ed/ V2
· S + asked + O + Question word + S + V_ed/ V2
· S + O + If/ weather + S +V_ed/ V2
· S + asked/ reminded/ told + O + To_V/ Not to_V
VI. Câu ước với Wish trong tiếng Anh
1. Present wish: (ước muốn ở hiện tại):
Động từ của mệnh đề đứng sau “wish” hoặc “If only”dùng thì quá khứ giả định
S + wish = If only (Ước gì)
S + wish (es) + S + V2/ Ved/ WERE
-> Be: WERE dùng cho tất cả các ngôi
2. Future wish: (Mơ ước ở tương lai):
Động từ của mệnh đề đứng sau “wish” dùng thì tương lai trong quá khứ.
S + wish (es) +S + would/ could/ should/ might + Vo
3. Past Wish (ước muốn ở quá khứ):
Động từ của mệnh đề đứng sau “wish” dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành.
S + wish (ed) +S + had + V3/Ved
VII. Một số cấu trúc tiếng Anh lớp 9 nâng cao khác
· Let + O +V
· Busy/worth +V_ing
· Advise s.o + to_v/ not to_v
· Need + to_v/ v_ing
· Songs + be + v_ed/ v_3
· Adj + to_v
· Have s.o + v
· Too + adj +to_v
· Instructing + O + IN the use of
· Be/get/become used + TO +V_ing/ something
· Stop + v_ing
· Hate + V_ing
· Excited + To_V
· Promise + To_V
· Adv + To_V
· Adj + To_V
· Busy + V_ing
· Be + too + busy To_V
· As + Adj +as
· (not) so + adj/ adv + as : bằng
· S + wish + S 2 + were /V_ed/ V2
· Used to + V : đã từng
· Be/ get used to
· Be + adv + V_ed
· Have | a chance + To_V : có cơ hội
| an opportunity
· Continue + V_ing
· S + started + to_V + . + số + năm +ago
· Began + v_ing
 S + have/has + V 3/V_ed + . + for + số + năm
· S + V_ed/V 2 + .(thời gian) ago
· It’s + (tg) . Since + S + V_ed/V 2
 It has been + (tg) since + S + V_ed/V 2
· Will/ should/ can/ must + V (must = have to)
· It’s + time + since + S + (last) + V_ed/ V2
· S + spend/ spent/ spends + time + V_ing
 It + take/ took + O +time +To_V
· S + haven’t/ hasn’t + V_ed/V 3 +  For time
 The last time S + V_ed/ V2 + was .. time ago
· Do/ would + you mind + V_ing: nhờ
· Do/ would + you mind if I + V_ed/ V2.. : tự làm
· Promises + O + will + V
· It’s + adj + to_o
· It’s time + S +V_ed/ V2
· It’s time +To_V
· Hope + will + V
· Sau từ đặt câu hỏi là: To_V
· Go on + V_ing
· Go on +Adv
· Make an impression ON somebody
· Wish to do something = want to do something
· Wish somebody something
· Wish somebody +V_ed/V 2
· Wish somebody would/would not + V
· S + promise + S+will/won’t + V
· S + promise + To_V/ not to _V
· S + promise + S + would +V
· + s + would + be + v_ed/V 3
· Separate something FROM something
· Infected +WITH
· Put on
· Trái với take off
· Because + OF
· Keen + ON
· Pray To god/ Saints
· Pray FOR somebody/ something
· Correspond WITH somebody
· Divide something INTO parts
· Be named AFTER somebody
· ON the occasion OF something
· Be equal TO somebody
· Consist OF something
· Take inspiration FROM something
· Be fond OF something
· Take pride IN
· Wear OUT
· Be self-confident OF something
· AT the entrance To something
· Exchange something FOR something
PASSIVE VOICE – THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG
Câu bị động (passive sentence) là câu trong đó chủ ngữ là người hoặc vật nhận hoặc chịu tác động của hành động.
Ex:
-- They built that house in 1999. (Active sentence)
-- That house was built in 1999. (Passive sentence)
Quy tắc chuyển đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động
1. Tân ngữ chủ động (active object) => Chủ ngữ bị động (passive subject)
2. Động từ chủ động (active verb) => Động từ bị động (be + past participle)
Present simple
⇒
am/ is/ are + past participle
Present progressive
⇒
am/ is/ are + being + past participle
Past simple
⇒
was/were + past participle
Past progressive
⇒
was/were + being + past participle
Present perfect
⇒
have/has + been + past participle
Past perfect
⇒
had + been + past participle
Future simple
⇒
will + be + past participle
Be going to
⇒
am/ is/ are going to + be + past participle
Modal verbs
⇒
can, should, must, + be + past participle
3. Chủ ngữ chủ động (active subject) => BY + tân ngữ bị động (passive object)
Ex: 
The teacher explains the lessons.   
=> The lessons are explained by the teacher.
Lưu ý:
- Chủ từ I, we, you, they, he, she, one, people, everyone, someone, no one, nobody thường được bỏ. Với các chủ từ no one, nobody, đổi động từ khẳng định thành phủ định.
Ex:
Someone read the story to the children.
=> The story was read to the children.
Nobody saw him leaving the room.
=> He wasn’t seen leaving the room.
- Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn + BY (agent) + trạng từ chỉ thời gian
Ex:
Jane should take the dog to the vet today.
=> The dog should be taken to the vet by Jane today.
- Trạng từ chỉ thể cách thường đứng giữa be và quá khứ phân từ. Các trạng từ khác thường đứng trước be.
Ex: 
The scientists have studied the problem carefully.
=>  ... dentify the other man in the next room.
= Police have him identify the other man in the next room.
39.S + want + sb + to do sth = S + have + sb + do sth
VD: I want her to lend me
= I have her lend me.
40.S + V + no + N = S + be + N-less
VD: She always speaks no care.
= She is always careless about her words.
41.S + be + adj + prep = S + V + adv
VD: My students are very good at Mathematics.
= My students study Mathematics well.
42.S + remember + to do Sth = S + don’t forget + to do Sth
VD: I remember to have a Maths test tomorrow = I don't forget to have a Maths test tomorrow.
43.It + be + adj = What + a + adj + N!
VD: It was an interesting film.
= What an interesting film!
44.S + V + adv = How + adj + S + be ...
VD: She washes clothes quickly.
= How quick she is to wash clothes.
45.S + be + ing-adj = S + be +ed-adj
46.S + V = S + be + ed-adj
47. S + V + Khoảng thời gian = It + take + (sb) + Khoảng thời gian + to + V
VD: She have learned English for 5 years.
= It takes her 5 year to learn English.
48. S + be + too + adj + (for s.o) + to + V = S + be + so + adj + that + S + can’t + V
VD: The water is too hot for Peter to drink.
= The water is so hot that Peter can't drink
49. S + V + too + adv + to + V = S + V + so + adv + that + S + can’t + V
50. S + be + so + adj + that + S + V = S + be + not + adj + enough + to + V
S + be + too + adj + to + V = S + be + not + adj + enough + to + V
S + V + so + adv + that + S + V = It + V + such + (a/an) + N(s) + that + S +V
VD: He speaks so soft that we can’t hear anything.
BÀI TẬP VIẾT LẠI CÂU TRONG TIẾNG ANH 
Exercise 1: Rerwite the following sentences that keep the same meaning.
1. You should take the train instead of the bus.
-> If................................................................................................ ..................
2. I'm sure that someone forgot to lock the door.
--> Someone must.............................................................................................................................
3. They bought this house ten years ago.
--> They have.............................................. .................................................. .............................
4. The course finished with a big party.
--> At the end............................................... .................................................. ...............
5. We invited a pop star onto the chat show, but he didn't turn up.
--> The pop star.............................................. .................................................. ................
6. Although she said that she would come, I don't think she ever will.
—> Despite........................................... .................................................. ...........
7. The plane had hardly left the airport when the accident happened.
--> No sooner............................................ .................................................. ................
8. When did you start the project?
—> How long.............................................. .................................................. ...............
9. Their wedding will be held in a lovely church.
--> The church............................................ .................................................. ..............
Exercise 2: Rerwite the following sentences that keep the same meaning.
1. My father used to play football when he was young.
My father doesn't........................................... .................................................. .. ,
2. Jane gave me a present on my last birthday.
I was............................................... .................................................. .................
3. "Let's go swimming".
She suggests.......................................... .................................................. .......
4. "Would you like a cup of coffee?"
He................................................ .................................................. ................
5. We got lost in the jungle because we didn't have a map.
If we had............................................... .................................................. .......
6.I last saw Bob when I was in Ho Chi Minh City.
I haven't seen.............................................. .................................................. ..
7. It is a three-hour drive from Hanoi to Namdinh.
It takes............................................. .................................................. ............
8. It's a pity you didn't tell us about this.
I wish.............................................. .................................................. .............
9. They think the owner of the house is abroad.
The owner............................................. .................................................. ......
10. The children couldn't go swimming because the sea was very rough.
The sea was too............................................... .................................................. 
Exercise 3: Rewrite each of the sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same
1. When did you first know him?
How............................................... .................................................. ............................
2. Their trip lasted three day.
They had............................................... .................................................. ......................
3. She had to do the washing up but she didn't.
She forgot............................................ .................................................. .......................
4. English id easy to learn.
It................................................ .................................................. ................................
5. Don't leave the lights on all night, you will waste electricity.
-» If................................................ .................................................. ................................
6. The furniture was too old to keep.
It was............................................... .................................................. ..........................
7. Gary is the best guitarist in her class.
No one else.............................................. .................................................. .................
8. Since the invention of computer, people have saved a lot of time.
Since the computer was..................................................................
.................................................. .
9.It's necessary for everybody to clean up their neighborhood once a week.
Everybody......................................... .................................................. .........................
Exercise 4: Rewrite each of the sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same
1 It is necessary to finish the work today.
—> You need.....................................................................................
.................................................. ....................................
2" I advise you to take a holiday," the doctor continued.
-> You'd............................................. .................................................. .......................................... "
3. " If you don't rest yourself you really will be ill
— > Unless............................................ .................................................. .......................................
4. The doctor told him that he work too hard.
-> You............................................... .................................................. ..................................................
5. Those pictures are beautiful.
—> How............................................... .................................................. .........................................................
6. It was an interesting film.
-> What.............................................. .................................................. .................................................................
7. What is the weight of your suitcase?
--> How............................................... .................................................. ..............................................
8. How tall is Peter's father?
-> What.............................................. .................................................. ..............................................
Exercise 5: Finish the second sentence in such a way that it means exactly the same as the first one:
1. He can't afford to buy the car.
The car............................................... .................................................. .....................................
2. Shirley didn't begin to read until she was eight.
It wasn't............................................ .................................................. ...................................
3. Mrs. Taylor regretted buying the second -hand washing-machine.
Mrs. Taylor wished............................................ ........................................................................................................ .........
4. Nobody can deny that she has a beautiful voice.
It................................................ .................................................. .........................................................................
5. Jane is the tallest girl in her class .
Nobody............................................ .................................................. ..................................................
6. They couldn't find the manager anywhere .
The manager was............................................... ................................................................................................... .........
7. Their teacher is making them study hard.
They.............................................. .................................................. ..............................................................
8. As I get older, I want to travel less.
The older............................................. .................................................. ....................................................................
9. I have never been to Liverpool in my life .
Never............................................. .................................................. ..................................................................
10. My father speaks very little French.
My father speaks hardly............................................ .................................................................. .